Manufacturing portland cement pc is a major contributor of greenhouse gases, responsible for about 5 % of all global carbon dioxide emissions habert and roussel 2009. The xcoordinate indicates which product throughputs can be generated using the respective mills. Application of blast furnace slag sand in cement concretea case study m. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs shall comply with specification 3102 and aashto m 302. Ground granulated blast furnace slag 71112 following is a list of slag cement suppliers approved to supply the indicated brand of ggbfs to department work in accordance with the current provisions of both ground granulated blast furnace slag 71112, and materials method 10 manufacturerlocations and approved supply locations shown as hyperlinks are authorized by the. The slag is a waste product in the manufacturing process of pigiron and it contains the basic elements of cement, namely, alumina, lime and silica. In this study, moderate heat portland cement, in which the fineness is 300 mkg, and granulated blast furnace slag, in which the fineness is 300, 400, 500, and 600 mkg, were made. The latent hydraulic property of the blast furnace slag gives excellent longterm strength. Properties of hardened concrete with blast furnace slag. Ground granulated blast furnace slag 71112 following is a list of slag cement suppliers approved to supply the indicated brand of ggbfs to department work in accordance with the current provisions of both ground granulated blast furnace slag 71112, and materials method 10. Characteristics of portland blastfurnace slag cement. Blast furnace slag is used successfully as a mudtocement conversion technology in oil well cementing worldwide because of economic, technical, and environmental advantages 86.
In comparison, the production of ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbs requires less than a fifth of the energy and produces less than a tenth of the carbon dioxide emissions. Use of aircooled blast furnace slag as coarse aggregate in. Slag portland cement, which may be a true portland cement. Blastfurnace slag is the glassy granular material formed when molten blastfurnace slag is rapidly chilled, as by immersion in water virgalitte et al. The clinkers of cement are ground with about 60 to 65 per cent of slag. To support the implementation of the roadmaps, action plans are being developed. Hydration mechanisms of activated blast furnace slag dora 4ri. This study is a part of an ongoing research studying the effect of blast furnace slag as a binder and filler replacement on the properties of fresh and hardened foam concrete. The use of granulated blast furnace slag gbfs as an aggregate in cement mortar and concrete provides environmental as well as economic. Use of aircooled blast furnace slag as coarse aggregate. Use and properties of blast furnace slag as a building. Sep 20, 2017 the report models supply and demand for fly ash and granulated blast furnace slag up to 2030.
Cementitious applications of ground blastfurnace slag. Slag cement, has been incorporated into concrete projects for over a century to improve durability and reduce life cycle costs. Various types of slag from copper and steel industry are being used in mortar and concrete pundhir et al. The slag cement association sca represents companies that produce and ship over 90 percent of the slag cement ground granulated blast furnace slag in the u.
Lewis, chief engineer aci convention, march 8, 1984 iron blastfurnace slag in the process of extracting iron from ores, a blast furnace is charged with the ores, flux stones and coke. Slag cement use can be traced to the 1700s when the material was combined with lime to make mortars. Pdf blast furnace slag obtained from water quenching is generally used for. Blast furnace slag formed during the manufacture of iron, molten blast furnace slag is cooled and processed in three ways to.
Durability properties and microstructure of ground. Effects of slag and fly ash on reinforcement corrosion in. Iron cement or eisen cement, which is a mixture of slag and ordinary portland cement. The larger flexural strength of blast furnace slag concrete is the result of the stronger bond which is achieved in cementslagaggregate system due to slag particle shape. The effect of blast furnace slag on foam concrete in terms. Laboratory and field studies were conducted on blast furnace slag aggregates to establish nationwide material standards and recommended practices. Founded in 1904 and headquartered in farmington hills, michigan, usa, the american concrete institute is a leading authority and resource worldwide for the development, dissemination, and adoption of its consensusbased standards, technical resources, educational programs, and proven expertise for individuals and organizations involved in concrete design. Ggbf slag has been used in concrete in japan and western europe since the 1940s.
Torii k, sasatani t, kawamura m 1995 effects of fly ash, blast furnace slag, and silica fume on resistance of mortar to calcium chloride attack. Under the kyoto protocol, japan has made a commitment to the world to reduce its 2008 2012 emissions of greenhouse gases by 6% from 1990 levels. This specification covers three strength grades of finely ground granulated blast furnace slag grades 80, 100, and 120 for use as a cementitious material in concrete and mortars. Slag cement granulated blast furnace slag 11 benefits of the concretes produced with blast furnace slag cement hydration the reaction between blast furnace slag cement and water is a complicated process. The use of granulated blast furnace slag gbfs aggregates in concrete by replacement of natural aggregates is very promising concept because its impact strength is quite more than natural aggregate. The mixed amount of granular blast furnace slag in cement is 20% 70% by weight. A mix having the density of 0kgm3 with a proportion of 1 cement. Blast furnace cement an overview sciencedirect topics. Blended cements shall comply with specification 3103 and aashto m 240. Use of blast furnace slag as an alternative of natural.
Steel slag aggregates are already being used as aggregates in asphalt paving road m due to their mechanical strength, stiffness, porosity, wear. Application of blast furnace slag sand in cement concrete. Proceedings of 5th international conference on fly ash, silica fume, slag, and natural pozzolans in concrete, sp153, vol. Ggbfs is divided into three classifications based on its activity index. Ground granulated slag is not a new cementitious material. Such a slag acquires liquid mobility and trickles down the furnace away from the site where it starts distorting plastically, as soon as possible.
The gbs and css blended concrete laboratory trials experiment carried out and case study of actual concrete supplied at. On the portland blast furnace slag cement compressive strength and spliiting tensile strength. The width of the fields is a measurement of the output factor. Present regulations permit several methods to determine the slag content in cements, such as gravity separation, selective dissolution, microscopic analysis, or the estimation based on the chemical composition.
Durability properties and microstructure of ground granulated. This specification covers three strength grades of finely ground granulated blastfurnace slag grades 80, 100, and 120 for use as a cementitious material in concrete and mortars. Slag slag concrete r1 aggregate cement r1 gives of lime caoh r2. As an alternative material for lowheat cement, granulated blast furnace slag can be considered. Groundgranulated blastfurnace slag ggbs or ggbfs is obtained by quenching molten iron slag a byproduct of iron and steelmaking from a blast furnace in water or steam, to produce a glassy, granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine powder. The ground granulated blast furnace slag is a byproduct of iron manufacturing industry. Properties significant chemoresistance, and suppression of alkaliaggregate reaction type b and c. May 20, 2014 ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbs is a green construction material used to produce durable concrete. The secondary pozzolanic reactions can result in reduced pore connectivity. Granulation of iron blast furnace slag has given rise to the development of the slag cement industry, whilst the granulation of copper slag has provided.
Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs is a byproduct. Fly ash and blast furnace slag for cement manufacturing. In fine particle form, slag cement displays cementitious qualities similar to those of ordinary portland cement opc. The rapid quenching granulation freezes slag cement in a glassy state and imparts cementitious properties to the product when ground finely. Absorption of aircooled blast furnace slag kept in water was 2 to 9 times that of natural gravel, while that under pressure of 2. Blastfurnace cement definition and meaning collins english. The larger flexural strength of blast furnace slag concrete is the result of the stronger bond which is achieved in cement slag aggregate system due to slag particle shape and surface texture. Central eastern european blast furnace slag market. Blast furnance slag user guideline portland cement. Blast furnace slag is formed when iron ore or iron pellets, coke and a flux either limestone or dolomite are melted together in a blast furnace. Acceptance is judged on the basis of time of set, false set, fineness, soundness, air.
The slag content in cement is 50, 60, 70, and 80 percent. Slag cement benefits and use in concrete slag cement news. Slagmix slurries were used as primary, temporary abandonment and sidetrack plug cements during prospect predrilling in the gulf of mexico. The characterization of hardened alkaliactivated blast.
Ground granulated blast furnace slag, for instance, is. In addition to molten iron, the furnace generates slags in the range of 250 to 500 kg per tonne of hot metal. It offers hydraulic properties same as those of portland cement and thus may partly substitute the. Slag cement can therefore be substituted for opc in a wide range of equal mass replacement ratios. From the abovementioned test results, autogenous shrinkage of the portland blast furnace slag cement concrete with blast furnace slag of 20% content and so 3 3. Conclusion the substitution of natural aggregate with slag sand has positive impact on workability, compressive strength and durability.
Pelletized blast furnace slag, in contrast to aircooled and expanded blast furnace slag, has a relatively smooth texture and rounded shape. Grinding reduces the particle size to a cement fineness for use as a hydraulic cement, which is typically less than 3500 cm 2 g. Slag cement production started in germany in 1888, from which slag cement was imported. Standard specification for slag cement for use in concrete.
The ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs is a byproduct of iron manufacturing which when added to concrete improves its properties such as workability, strength and durability. Blast furnace slag is used as a replacement for ordinary portland cement opc. Blast furnace slag cement an overview sciencedirect topics. Pdf the paper presents the results of experimental research that dealt with the substitution of fi nely ground blast furnace slag for portland cement. Although portland blastfurnace slag cement, which is made by intergrinding the. It is generally recognized that the rate of hardening of slag cement is somewhat slower than that of ordinary portland cement during the first 28 days but thereafter increases so that at 12 months the strengths become close to or even exceed those of. The broad aim of this work was to investigate the effects of partially replaced ordinary portland cement opc by ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs on the properties of concrete including compressive strength, tensile.
Expanding the use of portland blast furnace slag cement is one measure included in the plan to achieve the targets of the kyoto protocol, and there are large expectations for its ability to help reduce co 2 emissions. Fly ash and blast furnace slag for cement manufacturing 1 introduction 1. At the present, most industrial slags are being used without taking full advantage of their properties or disposed rather than used. Blastfurnace cement definition of blastfurnace cement. The clinkers of cement are ground with about 60 to 65 per cent of. Google scholar dhir rk, elmohr mak, dyer td 1996 chloride binding in ggbs concrete. They are related by both composition and morphology to the csh gels present in slagopc pastes but are more crystalline. Effects of ground granulated blast furnace slag in. Cementitious applications of ground iron blast furnace slag by donald w. Among its measurable benefits in concrete are better workability and finish ability, higher compressive aggressive chemicals. In blast furnace cement, the slag as obtained from blast furnace is used. The molten slag has a composition of about 30% to 40% sio 2. Analysis of slag flow in blast furnace during the extraction. Blast furnace slag cement manufacture, properties and uses.
Blast furnace cement in blast furnace cement, the slag as obtained from blast furnace is used. Converting granulated blast furnace slag into fine aggregate. Molten slag diverted from the iron blast furnace is rapidly chilled, producing glassy granules that yield. Blastfurnace cement definition of blastfurnace cement by.
Ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbsslag lafarge. Effects of ultrafine ground granulated blastfurnace slag. This involves the activation of the slag with alkalis and sulphates in order to form its hydration product. Application of blast furnace slag sand in cement concretea. Groundgranulated blast furnace slag ggbs or ggbfs is obtained by quenching molten iron slag a byproduct of iron and steelmaking from a blast furnace in water or steam, to produce a glassy, granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine powder. Blastfurnace slag is used in makingfour classes of cement puzzolan, or ordinary slag cement, usually simply called slag cement. Abstract this paper highlights a case study of granulated blast furnace slag. Why we are using blast furnace slag cement in concrete. Opc mortars to a 5050 blend of opcbfs at 7 and 28 days given that the cement used. Because the root blastfurnace slag material would otherwise be discarded after separation from molten iron, the u. Cement specifications and testing shall comply with specification 3101 and aashto m 85. Study of granulated blast furnace slag as fine aggregates in.
Portland blast furnace slag cement tiger cement is the leading exporter and supplier of slag cement from pakistan. Lewis, chief engineer aci convention, march 8, 1984 iron blast furnace slag in the process of extracting iron from ores, a blast furnace is charged with the ores, flux stones and coke. Ground granulated blast furnace slag to the grinding aids and enhanced roll method, the method using from about 0. This report presents available information regarding the use of aircooled blast furnace slag acbfs as coarse aggregate in concrete pavements. A portland cement mixed with a designated amount of ground granulated blastfurnace slag. In 1931 a slag cement plant was established at ijmuiden in collaboration between steel and cement producers. Factors, such as the growth of various end user industries and increase in the demand for ground granulated blast furnace slag from the cement industry are expected to drive the central eastern. Iron ore, coke and limestone are fed into the furnace and the resulting molten slag floats above the molten iron at a temperature of about 15000c to 16000c. Cn1198147a roll press grinding aid for granulated blast. Strength, carbon footprint and cost considerations of. Blast furnace slag is used predominately as base and concrete aggregate. The slag shall contain no additions and shall conform to the sulfide sulfur and sulfate chemical composition requirement.
Grade 80 has a low activity index and is used primarily in mass structures because it generates less heat than portland cement. Ground granulated blast furnace slag cement ggbfs is a fine glassy granules which contain cementatious properties. Daube j, bakker r 1983 portland blast furnace slag cement. In the blast furnace the slag floats on top of the iron and is decanted for separation. A portland cement mixed with a designated amount of ground granulated blast furnace slag. Tiger portland blast furnace slag cement is special blended cement with low heat of hydration characteristics for mass concreting. The samples of the cement composites were prepared with the following types of cements. The effect of chemical composition of blastfurnace slag on. Groundgranulated blast furnace slag is highly cementitious and high in csh calcium silicate hydrates which is a strength enhancing. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs is designated in astm c 989 and consists mainly of silicates and aluminosilicates of calcium. Mar 03, 2017 it is fully called as groundgranulated blast furnace slag ggbs or ggbfs and is obtained by quenching molten iron slag a byproduct of iron and steelmaking from a blast furnace in water or steam, to produce a glassy, granular product that is. Production of portland blastfurnace slag cement began in 1910, and the japanese national standard for portland blastfurnace slag cement jes 29 was formulated in 1926. However the autogenous shrinkage of the portlamd blast furnace slag cement. Astm c441 c441m17, standard test method for effectiveness of pozzolans or ground blastfurnace slag in preventing excessive expansion of concrete due to the alkalisilica reaction, astm international, west conshohocken, pa, 2017.
Alibaba manufacturer directory suppliers, manufacturers. Effect of blast furnace slag powder on compressive. Cemsave is the proprietary name of granulated blast furnace slag, dryground to the same fineness as cement. The oxides of calcium and magnesium combine with silica and. Calcium oxide 40% silica 35% alumina % magnesia 8% the glass content of slag. Portland blastfurnace slag cements make up the most successful and widely. Although ore refining processes have been operating in australia since the 1800s,development of the slag industry really began in the 1960s. Ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbsslag lafarge in. The use of granulated blastfurnace slag gbfs as an aggregate in cement mortar and concrete provides environmental as well as economic. Granulated ground blast furnace slag ggbfs is a key constituent of cem iias, cem iibs and cem iii cements.
Duracrete were merged to derive exponents for prediction of chloride penetration in. The latent hydraulic property of the blastfurnace slag gives excellent longterm strength. The compressive strength, modulus of elasticity of harden concrete were determined in the laboratory. We comply european standard en 19712000 for slag cement. This material is obtained by the heating of iron ore, limestone and coke at a temperature about 1500 degree celsius. It is produced by grinding premium quality granulated blast furnace slag, a byproduct of steel manufacturing process, to a fineness of around 400 m2kg. Effect of ground granulated blast furnace slag as partial. When the metallurgical smelting process is complete, the lime in the flux has been chemically combined with the aluminates and silicates of the ore and coke ash to form a nonmetallic product called blast furnace slag. The central eastern european blast furnace slag market is estimated to reach usd 473. Slag cement concrete the dutch experience statens vegvesen. Ggbs of lafarge emirates cement conforms both to bs 6699. Jun 21, 2011 thus, blast furnace slag cements are increasingly produced so as to reduce cement which makes co 2 emissions. Slag cement is a hydraulic cement formed when granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs is ground to suitable fineness and is used to replace a portion of portland cement.
The 10,000 simulations were merged to generate simulated. Blast furnace slag is mostly an amorphous product, comprising little amounts of crystalline phases such as akermanite ca 2 mgsi 2 o 7, merwinite ca 3 mgsi 2 o 8, or quartz sio 2. Blast furnace slag cement is the mixture of ordinary portland cement and fine granulated blast furnace slag obtained as a by product in the manufacture of steel with percent under 70% to that of cement. This action exposes fresh sites for further reaction and is supposedly responsible for enhanced slagmetal reaction rates, influencing the blast furnace operations and the quality of the metal. The report discusses acbfs aggregate production and properties, and the properties of concrete produced with acbfs coarse aggregate. You have clicked a page that seems to be very popular. Portland blast furnace cement simply called slag cement refers to the hydraulic binding material ground by mixing portland cement clinker, granular blast furnace slag, and appropriate amount of gypsum, codenamed p s. Concrete containing slag is estimated to comprise approximately 20 percent of the hydraulic cement produced in europe. The ggbs in this work was commercially available ultrafine slag of two sizes v1 and v2, nitrogen bet surface area of v2 3955 m 2 kg. Properties of granulated blastfurnace slag cement concrete. The cemsave concrete mixers were chosen so as to be comparable in workability and 28. Between 1919 and 1930 slag cement was used for building the north sea canal locks at ijmuiden.
Granulated blast furnace slag gbs blast furnace is an iron making unit which converts iron ore into molten iron through reduction reactions, in presence of coke and fluxes. This action exposes fresh sites for further reaction and is supposedly responsible for enhanced slag metal reaction rates, influencing the blast furnace operations and the quality of the metal. Full text pdf 2765k abstracts references4 in this study, portland blast furnace slag cement was manufactured in a trial in order to reduce both shrinkage and environmental impact and retain equivalent properties with ordinary portland cement. Pumpability of blastfurnace slag aggregate concrete. Blast furnace slag can also be used to make ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbs which is used as a cement replacement in concrete. The coke is combusted to produce carbon monoxide, which reduces the iron ore to a molten iron product. Pdf blast furnace slag obtained from dry granulation method as a. Ground granulated blast furnace slag in concrete and its. Portland blast furnace slag cement is a mixture of ordinary portland cement and not more than 65 wt.
Application of blast furnace slag sand in cement concretea case study 457 4. Slag cement is the hydraulic cement that results when molton slag from an iron blast furnace is rapidly quenched with water, dried and ground to a fine powder. Blast furnace slag material description origin in the production of iron, iron ore, iron scrap, and fluxes limestone andor dolomite are charged into a blast furnace along with coke for fuel. Ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbs lafarge emirates ggbs is a premium quality, supplementary cementitious material that can be combined with cement to produce concrete having several advantages namely reduced heat evolution, enhanced. Ground slag properties, characterisation and uses ccaa. It is a recovered industrial byproduct of an iron blast furnace.
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